Ethernet Token Ring Apple Talk 10Base5
Answer/Explanation
For a machine to transmit it must have access to the token. Without the token transmission cannot take place. The token circles the logical ring, stopping by each node in the physical star, "hey do you got stuff to send?" If not the token goes to the next node in line. This is what is meant by guaranteed access. 10Base5 and Ethernet both use CSMA/CD (collision sense, multiple access and collision detection). Access is not guaranteed, because if 2 nodes choose to transmit at the same time then a collision occurs which causes a backoff period. A backoff period is when all nodes are told to stop. The initial time for the first two that had the collision is 9.6 milliseconds, and then an algorithm dictates the backoff time period for the remaining machines on the network. Apple talk does not apply here.
ISDN BRI Frame Relay X.25 ATM
Frame relay is considered to be bursty. What this actually means is that the buyer buys at a given data transfer rate, but when traffic is light (after hours) then the rate may be exceed without the loss of packets. Thus the buyer gets more than what was paid for. This is called CIR (committed information rate). X.25 has a maximum speed of 56Kbps, and this is on a good day. The question has speeds that exceed this, and as well X.25 does not make use of CIR. ISDN BRI has a maximum data transfer rate of 128 Kbps. ATM has the ability to see 622 Mbps over fiber, just a screamin. But it does not make use of CIR.
201.23.33.1/24 201.23.34.1/24 201.23.34.0/24 201.23.33.0/24
One of the most confusing areas of subnetting is right here. The computer will look on the subnet that it is on, and if the host cannot be found then it will go to the router. The router keeps tables in RAM of the subnets on other interfaces. If the address cannot be found locally then the router looks at the address and finds the subnet it is on. This is written vaguely in so many books as to make it impossible to understand, nor does any book really give you an answer. You will find it In the Cisco CCNA by Wendell Oldem. Any time you are sitting at your computer and on a WAN connection like the Internet try the TCP/IP utility for your IP configuration and you will see that this is correct.
Kerberos PPTP L2TP IPSec
IPSec is a layer 3 protocol that will provide data authentication, integrity, and confidentiality. The downside is that it may not be used with non-TCP/IP protocols. Kerberos was created by MIT as an entire secure system, and is the default authentication method with Windows 2000 and XP. PPTP (Point to point tunneling protocol) is used as a means to create a VPN (Virtual private network) L2TP (Layer 2 tunneling protocol) is a combination of the Cisco L2F (Layer 2 forwarding) protocol, and Microsoft's PPTP (Point to point tunneling protocol). Of primary significance is that L2TP was designed by the IETF (Internet engineering task force) as an industry standard. L2TP resides at layer 2 of the OSI model, and as such it supports non-TCP/IP protocols.
Very high bit rate DSL (VHDSL) Symmetric DSL (SDSL) Asymmetric DSL (ADSL) High bit rate DSL (HDSL) IDSL
The three types of readily DSL (Digital subscriber lines) that would your Aunt Betsy to share the data and the voice line are, ADSL, RADSL, and VHDSL. They are required to have a splitter installed by a certified tech though. The splitter is used to carry the voice over the lowest frequencies and the data at the higher frequencies. Symmetric DSL (SDSL) does not allow you to use the same telephone line for both voice and data. High bit rate DSL (HDSL) offers fairly equal upload and download speeds but cannot be shared with a voice line. IDSL is the slowest of the DSL family and cannot share voice with data.
255.255.255.0 255.255.0.0 255.0.0.0 255.255.255.255
This address range is for a Class B address. For the exams make sure you remember 172.16.0.0 for Class B NAT (National address translation). 255.0.0.0 is for Class A. 255.255.255.0 is for Class C. 255.255.255.255 is a broadcast.
NetBEUI SPX TCP IP
IP (Internet protocol) is a layer 3 protocol that obtains its reliability from TCP (upper layer protocol) TCP is connection oriented, and provides for guaranteed delivery. SPX is used with NetWare and is connection oriented, thus providing for guaranteed delivery. NetBEUI provides for it's own reliability, best effort.
ISDN PRI ATM X.25 Frame relay
Frame Relay is capable of speeds up to T3, although it is not all that common. Frame relay is used for data transfer only, with variable length packets, and is considered bursty using CIR (Committed information rate). CIR means that the customer pays for a given transfer rate and during hours of low activity this rate may be exceeded with no additional charge. ISDN PRI is capable of T1 speeds only, but is capable of transferring data, voice and video. X.25 has a very high speed of 56 Kbps. ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) is capable of a maximum speed of 622 Mbps over fiber and can transfer video, data, and voice.
LPQ LPR LPD LPE
The LPR (Line printer) command is used to send a print job to a IP based printer. There is no such thing as LPE. LPD (Line printer Daemon) print server. LPD (Line printer Daemon) is usd to receive print jobs from IP based clients. LPQ is used to view the IP configuration of your IP based printer.
The network ID is 8 and the node portion 16 is bits. Apple computers use a single 26 bit address scheme, and the system administrator determines it. The node portion is 8 bits and the network portion is 16 bits. Apple computers use a single addressing scheme.
AppleTalk uses a 24 bit addressing scheme. The 8 bit node portion is randomly generated when the system is first booted up. The administrator assigns the 8 bit network portion. The Apple addressing scheme is 24 bits and not 26 bits. This is not a single addressing scheme since it has a network and a node address.